Factors that Influence Population Decline of Bees: Review

Abstract

The biodiversity of bees in the world is very large. They are known about 20,000 species. Bees are the main pollinators and are crucial for many crops, and contribute to the conservation of plant biodiversity. Many plants of economic importance rely on these pollinating insects, which contribute to increased production of fruits and seeds. The beekeeping has emerged as one of the few animal husbandry activities that cause low environmental impact while providing a rapid return on invested capital. High mortality rates and the disappearance of bees leaving at risk the national and international food security. Several factors can contribute to high mortality rates, including the death of the queen, lack of food supply, poor conditions of foraging as a result of habitat loss, pesticide exposure and diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and parasites. Among the major diseases affect bees can highlight the Varroa mites, foulbrood American, Nosemosi and Collapse Disorder Colony. Discussed the importance of bees, prophylactic measures of control and preservation must be taken to ensure the maintenance and survival of bees.