Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome: Alzheimer’s in dogs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v17n9e1442Keywords:
Canine Alzheimer's, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegenerative, senilityAbstract
Considering the advances in veterinary medicine, improvements in nutrition and greater care by owners, the life expectancy of dogs is increasing significantly. However, this increase in longevity is accompanied by the more frequent appearance of diseases related to aging, one of which is the Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CCDS). This syndrome affects senior dogs not only physically, but cognitively as well. It is a neurodegenerative disease that develops gradually and, initially, may go unnoticed, often being confused with the natural aging processes. Its diagnosis is challenging and complex, depending on several factors, mainly involving the exclusion of other common clinical suspicions in elderly animals, in addition to a thorough anamnesis conducted by the veterinarian, while also taking into account information provided by the tutors. Questionnaires that address behavioral and cognitive aspects of the animal can be very useful to direct the diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, it is important to immediately initiate treatment measures aimed at the comfort and well-being of the animal. Environmental enrichment strategies play an essential role, involving the introduction of objects that stimulate the dog's cognition. In addition, dietary adjustments are recommended, including adding vitamins C and E, as well as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to the diet. Some medications, such as Revimax, can also be given as part of the treatment. The objective of the treatment is to prolong and promote quality of life for the animal, seeking to delay the progression of the syndrome, although it does not have a definitive cure so far. It is interesting to note that this syndrome has similarities with Alzheimer's disease in humans (ADH). Therefore, studies and research on this disease can contribute to the development of more effective approaches aimed at treating CCDS.
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