Artificial insemination techniques and physiopathological implications in sheep

Abstract

Artificial Insemination (AI) in sheep is a reproductive biotech that, combined with other biotechnologies such as induction / synchronization of estrus and ovulation and semen technology, can add value to the livestock by allowing the use of sires of high genetic pattern, using females outside the breeding season and standardize lots of products generated. This work aims to present the various types of AI, based on technical and technological level of the consequent form of semen deposition: vaginal, cervical or intrauterine, whether laparoscopic or transcervical route. Comparative results of conception, pregnancy, fertility and prolificacy, traits and influences, such as cervical anatomic status of ewes, types of semen and sperm concentrations are discussed. We also include some physiopathological implications arising from transcervical techniques such as inflammatory / infectious reactions in the reproductive tract, or laparoscopic techniques, like regurgitation of rumen contents and respiratory acidosis by pneumoperitoneum. Thus, we seek the understanding that, despite the demand for scientific advances in AI techniques, one cannot ignore the need to preserve the welfare of these animals.