Situation of neosporosis in Brazilian cattle

Abstract

Neosporosis has emerged in Brazil as one of the main diseases that cause abortion in cattle in Brazil and worldwide. Caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum affects a diversity of animal species. In search of biological, epidemiological and diagnostic elucidation, several studies are outlined about this agent. The goal of this study was to review the scientific literature on bovine neosporosis in Brazil, addressing the main etiopathogenic, epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and immunoprophylactic aspects, aiming at building the current scenario of neosporosis in Brazilian cattle farming. The search strategy for selecting the studies was a survey carried out in the databases PubMed, Lilacs, SciElo and Google scholar, from January 2005 to March 2020. The majority of the studies were seroepidemiological surveys that aimed to determine the occurrence and factors of disease risk. The average occurrence of neosporosis found in the studies was 32.7% (2.45% -100%) associated with historical risk factors for abortion, presence of dogs, type of breeding, age and absence of diagnostic test when introducing new ones. animals on the properties. The main diagnostic methods used were serological. Abortion was identified as the main clinical manifestation of the disease. Bovine neosporosis is widely distributed in Brazil. In some dairy farming studies, seroprevalences above 90% have been identified, thus justifying the implementation of strategies for the control and prophylaxis of bovine neosporosis in Brazil, in search of improvements in reproductive rates of the national herd.