Peritoneal-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a cat

Case report

Abstract

Peritoneal-pericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) is a rare condition in dogs and cats, but more prevalent in felines. Studies show that the Persian breed is particularly predisposed to this condition, suggesting a genetic predisposition. PPDH is generally a congenital anomaly and is not associated with trauma in small animals. The most commonly herniated organs include the liver and the loops of the intestine, due to their proximity to the diaphragm. Diagnosis of PPDH usually involves a combination of imaging methods such as radiography, echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound. Surgical correction is recommended in cases of evident clinical manifestations, as well as in herniations of vital organs, such as the intestinal loops or the stomach. However, in cases where the hernia is an incidental finding and the patient is clinically stable, surgery may be avoided due to the risks associated with the procedure. The objective of this work is to report the case of a five-year-old Persian cat who had no clinical manifestations and was diagnosed with peritoneal-cardiac diaphragmatic hernia. During treatment, the animal presented dyspnea, which had previously occurred according to the tutor. An x-ray, Doppler echocardiogram and abdominal ultrasound were requested. A significant increase in the cardiac silhouette and the presence of liver tissue within the pericardial sac were noted, confirming the diagnosis of PPDH. Due to the animal's age, the herniated organ and the presence of only one sporadic clinical sign, surgical treatment was not initially recommended. The owner opted out of surgery and was prescribed a specific diet to assist in the weight loss process and avoid episodes of dyspnea. The animal lived until it was nine years old, when it died due to chronic kidney disease unrelated to PPDH.