Pathophysiology of sepsis: literature review

Abstract

Inflammation is a physiological reaction after primary tissue injury, whether physical, chemical or biological. It may be a local or general organic response and is triggered by several factors which aims to protect the individual against any aggression. In certain circumstances, the answer is fostered so that the reactions are potentially destructive, altering the functions and balance of the body. The loss of local control or the appearance of a hyperactive response implies a systemic response known as sepsis. Sepsis is characterized by excessive activation of inflammatory cells and production of inflammatory mediators that produce a widespread effect in the body. Coagulation cascade, route of arachidonic acid and nitric oxide, were also activated. Inflammatory mediators will cause the clinical signs of sepsis. The consequence of this inflammatory response is an untreated widespread organ dysfunction, which culminates in cardiovascular failure, brain and death of the patient