Contaminação cruzada: Uso de tábuas de corte na manipulação de alimentos no ambiente doméstico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v17n4e1380Palavras-chave:
biofilme, doenças trasmitidas por água e alimentos, superfíciesResumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica na abordagem em contaminação cruzada no ambiente doméstico, tendo as tábuas de corte como um utensílio utilizado na manipulação de alimentos nas residências domésticas, servindo como um veículo de contaminação e de interesse de estudo, além de aspectos importantes relacionados à inocuidade e manipulação de alimentos no âmbito domiciliar. As doenças transmitidas por água e alimentos (DTHA) são definidas como enfermidades infecciosas ou tóxicas causadas pelo consumo de alimentos ou água contaminados. O domicílio é considerado um local de origem destas doenças, a partir de alimentos manipulados e ingeridos nas próprias residências. As principais falhas durante a manipulação de alimentos estão relacionadas às condições de higiene nos locais e superfícies onde esses alimentos são manipulados. A contaminação cruzada é responsável pela transferência de microrganismos de um material ou alimento contaminado para outro. As superfícies de cortes são utensílios amplamente utilizados no preparo e manipulação de alimentos, sejam crus ou prontos para o consumo. Conforme os manipuladores desconhecem as medidas adequadas de higiene, armazenamento e conservação destas superfícies a matéria orgânica e os microrganismos presentes em alimentos crus podem permanecer aderidos junto à essas, servindo como fonte de contaminação constante. A permanência e adesão de microrganismos pode ocorrer em qualquer tipo de superfície com produção de biofilmes. Os biofilmes podem ser definidos como comunidades de células sésseis, constituídas por uma ou várias espécies bacterianas, inclusas em uma matriz de polímeros extracelulares (exopolissacarídeos – EPS) aderidos em uma superfície inerte ou viva. Os biofilmes podem contribuir para a permanência de microrganismos em tábuas de corte, podendo comprometer a qualidade microbiológica de alimentos manipulados nestas superfícies, expondo as pessoas ao risco biológico, pela biotransferência de microrganismos patogênicos. Estudos demonstram que estes microrganismos patogênicos podem apresentar algum grau de resistência aos antibióticos e desinfetantes, utilizados no controle de doenças e higienização desse utensílio. A exposição a agentes patogênicos associado ao grau de resistência dos mesmos desperta preocupações a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), o que revela um cenário preocupante para a saúde pública.
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