Tomographic and radiographic evaluation of stenosis/collapse of the left main bronchus in a Pug dog
Case report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v19n02e1726Keywords:
brachycephalic, bronchi, collapse, stenosis, radiography, computed tomographyAbstract
Stenosis/collapse of the bronchi is a condition of luminal narrowing, often associated with obstructive syndromes in brachycephalic dogs, with the pug being one of the most predisposed breeds. The most common clinical signs include dyspnea and chronic cough. Diagnosis can be achieved through bronchoscopy, radiography, and computed tomography. The described patient presented clinical signs such as nasal discharge and dyspnea. This study reports a case of stenosis/collapse of the left main bronchus, diagnosed using a combination of imaging techniques, radiography, computed tomography, highlighting the importance of a detailed evaluation of direct and indirect findings from theses imaging modalities to reach this diagnosis
References
Bottero, E., Bellino, C., Lorenzi, D., Ruggiero, P., Tarducci, A., D’Angelo, A., & Gianella, P. (2013). Clinical evaluation and endoscopic classification of bronchomalacia in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27(4), 840–846. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12096.
Clarke, D. L. (2018). Interventional radiology management of tracheal and bronchial collapse. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice, 48(5), 105658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.05.010.
Dayoung, O., Siheon, L., Seungji, K., Sangkyung, C., Mincheol, C., & Junghee, Y. (2019). Computed tomographic bronchial collapsibility values over 50% may be detected in healthy dogs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, 60(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12692.
De Lorenzi, D., Bertoncello, D., & Drigo, M. (2009). Bronchial abnormalities found in a consecutive series of 40 brachycephalic dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 235(7), 835–840.
Guillem, J. S., Schiborra, F., Rossanese, M., Maddox, T. W., & Mortier, J. R. (2022). Prevalence of bronchial wall thickening and collapse in brachycephalic dogs with and without brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome and in nonbrachycephalic dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 261(1). https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.21.10.0448.
Haimel, G., & Dupré, G. (2015). Brachycephalic airway syndrome: A comparative study between pugs and French bulldogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 56(12), 714–717. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12408,
Hyounglok, Y., Yu, J., An, G., Bang, S., Kwon, D., Kim, H., Lee, H., Chang, J., & Chang, D. (2020). CT and radiographic evaluation of bronchial collapsibility at forced expiration in asymptomatic brachycephalic dogs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, 61(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12829.
Hyunryung, K., Kim, Y. J., Lee, H., An, T., Yu, J., Yoon, H., An, G., Jung, J., Chang, J., & Chang, D. (2018). Computed tomographic and radiographic bronchial collapse may be a normal characteristic of forced expiration in dogs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, 59(5), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12625,
Johnson, L. R., Singh, M. K., & Pollard, R. E. (2015). Agreement among radiographs, fluoroscopy and bronchoscopy in documentation of airway collapse in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 29(6), 1619–1626. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13612.
Krainer, D., & Dupré, G. (2022). Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 52(3), 749–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.01.013.
Liu, N. C., Troconis, E. L., Kalmar, L., Price, D. J., Wright, H. E., Adams, V. J., Sargan, D. R., & Ladlow, J. F. (2017). Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs. PLoS ONE, 12(8), e0181928. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181928.
Macready, D. M., Johnson, L. R., & Pollard, R. E. (2007). Fluoroscopic and radiographic evaluation of tracheal collapse in dogs: 62 cases (2001-2006). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 230(12). https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.230.12.1870.
Meola, S. D. (2013). Brachycephalic airway syndrome. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 28(3), 91–96.
Mitze, S., Barrs, V. R., Beatty, J. A., Hobi, S., & Bęczkowski, P. M. (2022). Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: much more than a surgical problem. In Veterinary Quarterly (Vol. 42, Issue 1, pp. 213–223). https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2022.2145621.
Reinero, C. R., & Masseau, I. (2021). Lower airway collapse: Revisiting the definition and clinicopathologic features of canine bronchomalacia. In Veterinary Journal (Vol. 273, p. 105682). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105682.
Sungjun, W., Ahra, L., Choi, J., Choi, M., & Yoon, J. (2015). Computed tomographic bronchioarterial ratio for brachycephalic dogs without pulmonary disease. Journal of Veterinary Science, 16(2), 221–224. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2015.16.2.221.
Warwick, H., Guillem, J., Batchelor, D., Schwarz, T., Liuti, T., Griffin, S., Keenihan, E., Theron, M. L., Specchi, S., Lacava, G., & Mortier, J. (2021). Imaging findings in 14 dogs and 3 cats with lobar emphysema. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 35(4), 1935–1942. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16183.

Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Alexandre Longo Filho, Leonardo Bianchi de Oliveira, Cesar Augusto Novais Castanho, Tilde Rodrigues Froes

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Você tem o direito de:
Compartilhar — copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer suporte ou formato
Adaptar — remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material para qualquer fim, mesmo que comercial.
O licenciante não pode revogar estes direitos desde que você respeite os termos da licença. De acordo com os termos seguintes:
Atribuição
— Você deve dar o crédito apropriado, prover um link para a licença e indicar se mudanças foram feitas. Você deve fazê-lo em qualquer circunstância razoável, mas de nenhuma maneira que sugira que o licenciante apoia você ou o seu uso. Sem restrições adicionais
— Você não pode aplicar termos jurídicos ou medidas de caráter tecnológico que restrinjam legalmente outros de fazerem algo que a licença permita.