Retrobulbar block for enucleation of the right eyeball in a lion (Panthera leo): Case report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v17n9e1450Keywords:
anesthesia, eye block, feline, zoo, feline ophthalmologyAbstract
Due to the increase of eye surgeries in the veterinary routine, and they being associated with moderate to severe pain, techniques for analgesic control have been sought, among which locoregional anesthesia stands out. This study aimed to describe the retrobulbar block technique in a lion (Panthera leo), 12 years old, 146 kg, treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná for a surgical enucleation procedure, illustrating its applicability in this species. The animal was previously sedated for transport with tiletamine-zolazepam at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Due to his state of consciousness when arriving at the hospital, a second administration of drugs was necessary. Dexmedetomidine (5mcg/kg), methadone (0,2mg/kg) and dextroketamine (2mg/kg) were used in combination. Induction was performed with remifentanil (10 mcg/kg/min) and propofol (50 mcg/kg/min) for about 10 minutes. Anesthesic maintenance was performed using the total intravenous anesthesia technique by administering propofol at a variable rate, adjusted between 12,5-50 mcg/kg/min, remifentanil at the rate of 5 to 10 ug/kg/h, dexmedetomidine at 0,5 to 1 ug/kg/h and ketamine at 0,6 mg/kg/h. Aiming at preemptive analgesia, a retrobulbar block was performed by anatomical reference through an inferotemporal approach of the orbit with 0,5% bupivacaine at a dose of 0,05 mL/kg. During the procedure, the physiological parameters remained stable within the reference values, and no analgesic rescue was necessary during the operation, confirming the effectiveness of the retrobulbar block. However, as it is a wild animal, the evaluation of postoperative analgesic efficacy was not feasible.
References
Abreu, A. R. S., Albuquerque, J. J. S., Feitosa Junior, F. S. & Silva, F. L. (2019). Anestesia locorregional do nervo mandibular para mandibulectomia em cão: relato de caso. PUBVET, 13(7), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v13n7a374.1-6.
Accola, P. J., Bentley, E., Smith, L. J., Forrest, L. J., Baumel, C. A. & Murphy, C. J. (2006). Development of a retrobulbar injection technique for ocular surgery and analgesia in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 229(2), 220–225. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.229.2.220.
Adania, C. H., Silva, J. C. R. & Felippe, P. A. N. (2017). Carnívora-Felidae (Onça, Suçuarana, Jaguaritica e Gato-do-mato). In Z. S. Cubas, J. C. R., Silva, & J. L. Catão-Dias (Eds.), Tratado de Animais Selvagens (pp. 779–818). Roca São Paulo.
Barletta, M. & Reed, R. (2019). Local anesthetics: pharmacology and special preparations. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 49(6), 1109–1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.07.004.
Butterworth, J. F. (2009). Clinical pharmacology of local anesthetics. In M. J. Cousins, D. B. Car, & T. T. Horlocker (Eds.), Neural Blockade in Clinical Anaesthesia and Pain Management (pp. 96–113). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Cagnini, D. Q., Salgado, B. S., Linardi, J. L., Grandi, F., Rocha, R. M., Rocha, N. S., Teixeira, C. R., Del Piero, F. & Sequeira, J. L. (2012). Ocular melanoma and mammary mucinous carcinoma in an African lion. BMC Veterinary Research, 8(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-176.
Campoy, L. & Read, M. R. (2013). Small animal regional anesthesia and analgesia. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118783382.
Cerejo, S. A. & Mattos Júnior, E. (2015). Contenção farmacológica em felinos silvestres. Investigação, 14(1), 39–65.
Crevecoeur, A. & Barouk, D. (2010). Anestesia locorregional. EMC-Tratado de Medicina, 14(2), 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1636-5410(10)70506-7
D’Ovidio, D. & Adami, C. (2019). Locoregional anesthesia in exotic pets. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice, 22(2), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2019.01.007.
Dubielzig, R. R., Ketring, K. L., McLellan, G. J. & Albert, D. M. (2010). Veterinary ocular pathology E-book: a comparative review. In Veterinary Ocular Pathology: a comparative review. Elsevier Health Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7020-2797-0.00001-1
Fantoni, D. T. & Cortopassi, S. R. G. (2009). Anestesia em cães e gatos. Roca.
Gillart, T., Dualé, C. & Curt, I. (2002). Ophthalmic regional anaesthesia. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology, 15, 503–509. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001503-200210000-00006
Grimm, K. A., Lamont, L. A., Tranquilli, W. J., Greene, S. A. & Robertson, S. A. (2015). Veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. John Wiley & Sons.
Gross, M. E. & Pablo, L. S. (2015). Ophthalmic patients. In K. A. Grimm, L. A. Lamont, W. J. Tranquilli, & S. A. Greene (Eds.), Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia (pp. 961–982). Wiley Online Library. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119421375.
Johnson, J. G. & Chinnadurai, S. K. (2022). Drug delivery and safety considerations. Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice, 25(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2021.08.014.
Lordon, S. P. & Stanley, T. H. (2001). O futuro da anestesiologia venosa. In P. F. Whiite (Ed.), Tratado de anestesia Venosa (pp. 578–584). Artmed Editora.
Maia, J. Z., Rodrigues, P. R. C., Pulz, R. S. & Pinto, V. M. (2009). Anestesia em animais silvestres. Ulbra.
Massone, F. (2017). Anestesiologia veterinária. In Farmacologia e técnicas. Guanabara Koogan.
Mosing, M., Reich, H. & Moens, Y. (2010). Clinical evaluation of the anaesthetic sparing effect of brachial plexus block in cats. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 37(2), 154–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00509.x.
Naranjo, C., Schobert, C. & Dubielzig, R. (2008). Canine ocular gliomas: a retrospective study. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 11(6), 356–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00658.x.
Otero, P. E. & Portela, D. A. (2018). Manual de anestesia regional em animais de estimação. MED VET Livros.
Otero, P. & Portela, D. (2017). Anestesia regional en animales de compañía. Argentina: Inter-Médica.
Pereira, A. G., Costa, G. B., Carvalho, L. L., Costa, M. L., Paulino Junior, D., Magalhães, L. F., Paulino Júnior, D. P. & Magalhães, L. F. (2020). Uso de modelos não mamíferos em pesquisa na área de oftalmologia. PUBVET, 14(8), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v14n8a627.1-6.
Sawyer, D. (2008). The practice of veterinary anesthesia: small animals, birds, fish and reptiles. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16183
Shilo-Benjamini, Y. (2019). A review of ophthalmic local and regional anesthesia in dogs and cats. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 46(1), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2018.10.004.
Shilo-Benjamini, Y., Pascoe, P. J., Maggs, D. J., Hollingsworth, S. R., Strom, A. R., Good, K. L., Thomasy, S. M., Kass, P. H. & Wisner, E. R. (2019). Retrobulbar vs peribulbar regional anesthesia techniques using bupivacaine in dogs. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 22(2), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.12579.
Slatter, D. (2005). Fundamentos de oftalmologia veterinária. Editora Roca.
Stades, F. C., Boevé, M. H., Neumann, W. & Wyman, M. (1999). Fundamentos de oftalmologia veterinária. Manole.
Yamaguchi, N., Cooper, A., Werdelin, L. & Macdonald, D. W. (2004). Evolution of the mane and group-living in the lion (Panthera leo): a review. Journal of Zoology, 263(4), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836904005242.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Barbara Schreider, Ricardo Vilani, Iara Lima, Alessandra Kozelinski Bordignon, Juliano Biolchi, Thiago Solak, Alaina Correia, Raphael Seligman, Jade Caproni, Cecília Dall'Agnol, Ana Passerino, Marcelo Bonat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Você tem o direito de:
Compartilhar — copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer suporte ou formato
Adaptar — remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material para qualquer fim, mesmo que comercial.
O licenciante não pode revogar estes direitos desde que você respeite os termos da licença. De acordo com os termos seguintes:
Atribuição
— Você deve dar o crédito apropriado, prover um link para a licença e indicar se mudanças foram feitas. Você deve fazê-lo em qualquer circunstância razoável, mas de nenhuma maneira que sugira que o licenciante apoia você ou o seu uso. Sem restrições adicionais
— Você não pode aplicar termos jurídicos ou medidas de caráter tecnológico que restrinjam legalmente outros de fazerem algo que a licença permita.
