The use of animals in experiments: Review

Abstract

The present work aims to review the aspects related to animal experimentation, presenting historical, ethical and practical aspects intrinsic to the theme. Since ancient times, animals have been used in scientific research that tests the effectiveness, mechanisms of action and toxicology of chemical substances with potential for use as new treatments for diseases. The use of animals in experiments has aroused a strong discussion within the academic community and animal protection groups. Seeking to reduce the use of animals in scientific research, alternative methods are being used based on the principles of the "3Rs" for carrying out animal experimentation, that is, with a focus on replacement, reduction and refinement. Well-designed experiments, which use an adequate number of animals, combined with an adequate statistical analysis, guarantee the robustness and validity of the experimental results. It is worth mentioning that aspects related to the types of research and experimental models must be taken into consideration, always respecting the legal and ethical principles, which reflects in the validity and acceptability of the results.