Benefícios versus toxicidades do alho (Allium sativum) em cães
Revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v19n03e1748Palavras-chave:
Alimentos funcionais, compostos organossulfurados, imunomoduladores, plantas medicinaisResumo
O alho (Allium sativum) é uma planta com propriedades terapêuticas/tóxicas em cães, dependendo da variedade, do local de origem, da forma de preparo ou do método de extração utilizado e da dose administrada. Há relatos em investigações pré-clínicas e clínicas de que o alho ou seus compostos organossulfurados ativos (OSCs) exercem potencialmente uma série de atividades benéficas em cães: endoparasiticida, antitrombótico, hipotensivo, diurético e natriurético, antimicrobiano, antiproliferativo celular, antioxidante, ativador do fator de transição Nrf2, antiarrítmico, imunomodulador, hipoglicêmico, hipolipidêmico e ectoparasiticida. Bem como toxicidade no sistema gastrointestinal e eritrócitos com ação hemolítica em cães. No entanto, ainda não há revisão sobre seus possíveis efeitos benéficos e tóxicos e hipóteses de seus mecanismos subjacentes em cães. O objetivo deste artigo foi resumir as investigações pré-clínicas e clínicas sobre os efeitos do alho e seus OSCs em cães, bem como as descobertas sobre os possíveis mecanismos subjacentes comprovados ou presumidos. Concluímos que mais estudos in vivo e de toxicidade são necessários para preparar formulações herbais específicas para cães com doses relativamente baixas de fitoconstituintes de alho. Também enfatizamos que, independentemente do método de preparação, os donos de cães devem ser avisados de que não é seguro fornecer ou adicionar alho à comida de seus cães.
Referências
Abdel Meguid, A., Ramadan, M., Khater, H., & Radwan, I. (2022). Louicidal efficacy of essential oils against the dog louse, Trichodectes canis (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical Entomology & Parasitology, 14(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbse.2022.218673.
Afsheen, N., Khalil-Ur-Rehman, J., Ijaz, M., Mazzor, A., Khan, K. M., & Hina, S. (2018). Cardioprotective and Metabolomic Profiling of Selected Medicinal Plants against Oxidative Stress. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/98193603.
Almeida, M. Z. (2011). Plantas medicinais: abordagem histórico-contemporânea. In Plantas Medicinais (Vol. 3). SciElo Livros. https://doi.org//10.7476/9788523212162.
Amano, H., Kazamori, D., & Itoh, K. (2016). Pharmacokinetics and N-acetylation metabolism of S-methyl-l-cysteine and trans-S-1-propenyl-l-cysteine in rats and dogs. Xenobiotica, 46(11), 1017–1025. https://doi.org/10.3109/00498254.2016.1144229.
Amano, H., Kazamori, D., Itoh, K., & Kodera, Y. (2015). Metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of S-Allyl-L-cysteine in rats and dogs. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 43(5), 749–735. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.115.063230.
Bastidas, G. J. (1969). Effect of ingested garlic on Necator americanus and Ancylostoma caninum. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 18(6), 920–923. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1969.18.920.
Batista, F. T., Lacerda, G. D., Silva, J. R. S., Rodrigues, L. F. T., Feitosa, T. P., & Mustafa, V. S. (2017). O uso de plantas medicinais na medicina veterinária–riscos e benefícios. Revista Científica Do Curso de Medicina Veterinária, 4(2), 62–74.
Chang, H. S., Yamato, O., Sakai, Y., Yamasaki, M., & Maede, Y. (2004). Acceleration of superoxide generation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and inhibition of platelet aggregation by alk(en)yl thiosulfates derived from onion and garlic in dogs and humans. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 70(1), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2003.08.006.
Chang, H. S., Yamato, O., Yamasaki, M., & Maede, Y. (2005). Modulatory influence of sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate from garlic on cyclooxygenase activity in canine platelets: Possible mechanism for the anti-aggregatory effect. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 72(5), 351–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2005.01.003.
Chavan, R. D., Shinde, P., Girkar, K., Madage, R., & Chowdhary, A. (2016). Assessment of Anti-Influenza activity and hemagglutination inhibition of Plumbago indica and Allium sativum extracts. Pharmacognosy Research, 8(2), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.172562.
Chen, C. H., Su, S. J., Chang, K. L., Huang, M. W., & Kuo, S. Y. (2009). The garlic ingredient diallyl sulfide induces Ca2+ mobilization in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(9), 2344–2350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.06.028.
Cortinovis, C., & Caloni, F. (2016). Household food items toxic to dogs and cats. In Frontiers in Veterinary Science (Vol. 3, Issue MAR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00026.
Costa, M. C., Costa, P. R. S., Silva, J. C. P., Maia, R. E. N., Moreira, J. C. L., & Carvalho, R. M. (2009). Use of garlic oil and amoxicillin, metronidazole, and omeprazole in the control of Helicobacter Spp. in dogs. Brazilian Archives of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, 61(2), 362–368.
DeBoer, L. W. V., & Folts, J. D. (1989). Garlic extract prevents acute platelet thrombus formation in stenosed canine coronary arteries. American Heart Journal, 117(4), 973–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(89)90641-8.
Ezeorba, T. P. C., Chukwudozie, K. I., Ezema, C. A., Anaduaka, E. G., Nweze, E. J., & Okeke, E. S. (2022). Potentials for health and therapeutic benefits of garlic essential oils: Recent findings and future prospects. In Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine (Vol. 3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2022.100075.
Haraguchi, L. M. M., & Carvalho, O. B. (2010). Plantas medicinais. In Plantas medicinais do curso de plantas medicinais.
Hu, Q., Yang, Q., Yamato, O., Yamasaki, M., Maede, Y., & Yoshihara, T. (2002). Isolation and identification of organosulfur compounds oxidizing canine erythrocytes from garlic (Allium sativum). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(5), 1059–1062. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011182z.
Ionica, I., Viorel, H., Ileana, N., Alexandru, G., & Anca, H. (2022). Research on the antimicrobial effect of Allium sativum extract on some strains of Salmonella spp isolated from dogs. International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM, 22(6.2). https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022V/6.2/s29.90.
Ivanova, A., Mikhova, B., Najdenski, H., Tsvetkova, I., & Kostova, I. (2009). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of wild garlic Allium ursinum of Bulgarian origin. Natural Product Communications, 4(8), 1059–1062.
Kang, M. H., & Park, H. M. (2010). Hypertension after ingestion of baked garlic (Allium sativum) in a dog. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 72(4), 515–518. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.09-0434.
Kovalkovičová, N., řutiaková, I., Pistl, J., & Šutiak, V. (2009). Some food toxic for pets. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2(3), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10102-009-0012-4.
Lans, C. (2019). Do recent research studies validate the medicinal plants used in British Columbia, Canada for pet diseases and wild animals taken into temporary care? Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 336, 366–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.030.
Lee, K. W., Yamato, O., Tajima, M., Kuraoka, M., Omae, S., & Maede, Y. (2000). Hematologic changes associated with the appearance of eccentrocytes after intragastric administration of garlic extract to dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 61(11), 1446–1450. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1446.
Martín, N., Bardisa, L., Pantoja, C., Román, R., & Vargas, M. (1992). Experimental cardiovascular depressant effects of garlic (Allium sativum) dialysate. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 37(2), 145–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90072-Y.
Martín, N., Bardisa, L., Pantoja, C., Vargas, M., Quezada, P., & Valenzuela, J. (1994). Anti-arrhythmic profile of a garlic dialysate assayed in dogs and isolated atrial preparations. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 43(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90109-0.
Mosallanejad, B., Avizeh, R., Razi Jalali, M., & Jahanmardi, A. (2016). Comparative evaluation of garlic and atorvastatin effects on lipid profiles changes in dogs. Scientific-Research Iranian Veterinary Journal, 12(2), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.22055/ivj.2016.16417.
Mosallanejad, B., Avizeh, R., Varzi, H. N., & Pourmahdi, M. (2013). A comparison between metformin and garlic on alloxan-induced diabetic dogs. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 22(2), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-011-1381-6.
Nagy, A. L., Ardelean, S., Chapuis, R. J. J., Bouillon, J., Pivariu, D., Dreanca, A. I., & Caloni, F. (2023). Emerging plant intoxications in domestic animals: A European perspective. In Toxins (Vol. 15, Issue 7, p. 442). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070442.
O’Gara, E. A., Hill, D. J., & Maslin, D. J. (2000). Activities of garlic oil, garlic powder, and their diallyl constituents against Helicobacter pylori. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(5), 2269–2273. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.5.2269-2273.2000.
Orengo, K. O. (2016). Efficacy of Allium sativum, Allium cepa and Jatropha curcas on common natural gastrointestinal helminths in dogs. University of Nairobi.
Pantoja, C. V., Chiang, L. C., Norris, B. C., & Concha, J. B. (1991). Diuretic, natriuretic and hypotensive effects produced by Allium sativum (garlic) in anaesthetized dogs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 31(3), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(91)90018-9.
Pantoja, C. V., Martín, N. T., Norris, B. C., & Contreras, C. M. (2000). Purification and bioassays of a diuretic and natriuretic fraction from garlic (Allium sativum). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 70(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00145-2.
Phasanasophon, K., Sudsuang, R., & Sanguanrungsirikul, S. (1995). Can garlic and garlic extract reduce blood pressure in dogs? Chulalongkorn Medical Journal, 39(4), Art. 6. https://doi.org/10.58837/CHULA.CMJ.39.4.6.
Resende, F. V, Haber, L. L., & Pinheiro, J. B. (2015). Garlic culture (EMBRAPA, Ed.). EMBRAPA.
Salgado, B. S., Monteiro, L. N., & Rocha, N. S. (2011). Allium species poisoning in dogs and cats. In Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases (Vol. 17, Issue 1, pp. 4–11). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992011000100002.
Silva, N. C. C., & Fernandes Júnior, A. (2010). Biological properties of medicinal plants: a review of their antimicrobial activity. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, 16(3), 402–413.
Sundaram, S. G., & Milner, J. A. (1993). Impact of organosulfur compounds in garlic on canine mammary tumor cells in culture. Cancer Letters, 74(1–2), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(93)90048-E.
Takahashi, K., Nango, H., Ushijima, M., Takashima, M., Nakamoto, M., Matsutomo, T., Jikihara, H., Arakawa, N., Maki, S., Yabuki, A., Endo, Y., & Yamato, O. (2023). Therapeutic effect of aged garlic extract on gingivitis in dogs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1277272.
Vidal, M. C., & Pereira, R. B. (2012). Work with medicinal and aromatic plants aims at alternative control of diseases and pests in the organic vegetable production system. EMBRAPA, 5(9).
Yamato, O., Hayashi, M., Kasai, E., Tajima, M., Yamasaki, M., & Maede, Y. (1999). Reduced glutathione accelerates the oxidative damage produced by sodium n-propylthiosulfate, one of the causative agents of onion-induced hemolytic anemia in dogs. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1427(2), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00023-9.
Yamato, O., Kasai, E., Katsura, T., Takahashi, S., Shiota, T., Tajima, M., Yamasaki, M., & Maede, Y. (2005). Heinz body hemolytic anemia with eccentrocytosis from ingestion of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum) and garlic (Allium sativum) in a dog. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 41(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.5326/041006.
Yamato, O., Sugiyama, Y., Matsuura, H., Lee, K. W., Goto, K., Alamgir Hossain, M., Maede, Y., & Yoshihara, T. (2003). Isolation and identification of sodium 2-propenyl thiosulfate from boiled garlic (allium sativum) that oxidizes canine erythrocytes. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 67(7), 1594–1596. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.67.1594.
Yamato, O., Tsuneyoshi, T., Ushijima, M., Jikihara, H., & Yabuki, A. (2018). Safety and efficacy of aged garlic extract in dogs: Upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and Nrf2-regulated phase II antioxidant enzymes. BMC Veterinary Research, 14(1), 373. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1699-2.
Yang, Q., Hu, Q., Yamato, O., Lee, K. W., Maede, Y., & Yoshihara, T. (2003). Organosulfur compounds from garlic (Allium sativum) oxidizing canine erythrocytes. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences, 58(5-6), 408–412. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-5-620.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Andrea Ulisses Martins da Silva
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Você tem o direito de:
Compartilhar — copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer suporte ou formato
Adaptar — remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material para qualquer fim, mesmo que comercial.
O licenciante não pode revogar estes direitos desde que você respeite os termos da licença. De acordo com os termos seguintes:
Atribuição
— Você deve dar o crédito apropriado, prover um link para a licença e indicar se mudanças foram feitas. Você deve fazê-lo em qualquer circunstância razoável, mas de nenhuma maneira que sugira que o licenciante apoia você ou o seu uso. Sem restrições adicionais
— Você não pode aplicar termos jurídicos ou medidas de caráter tecnológico que restrinjam legalmente outros de fazerem algo que a licença permita.
