Reproductive biomarkers in bull semen proteome

Abstract

Abstract. The semen protein biochemical evaluations profile opened new frontiers from the 90s in the research about reproductive markers associated with bulls potential. This literature review presents the basic physiological and biochemical foundations of semen protein mechanisms and how they affect gamete cryopreservation efficiency and fecundation in bulls. We present the findings of the last 50 years of research in the area, as well as the current limitations, applications and future prospects for both European and Zebu breeds. We highlighted the potential as reproductive biomarkers of the Binder of SPerm proteins (BSP), which refer to a broad group of proteins that bind to sperm at the time of ejaculation, promotes sperm capacitation, especially in heparin presence. The results of the main researches that searched for associations between semen proteins with fertility and success in cryopreservation are also discussed. The conclusions present some of the applications, impacts and future perspectives for researches in this area.