Porcine circovirus 2: Current status and its challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v16n04a1095.1-14Keywords:
Circoviridae, porcine circovirus, swine, vaccines, genotypeAbstract
Porcine circoviruses (Porcine circovirus - PCV), first described in the 70s, are the smallest viruses belonging to the Circoviridae family. Currently, there are four species of swine circoviruses (PCV1 to PCV4), with PCV2 being the most economically important in swine herd as it is associated with several pathological syndromes and represents a ubiquitous distribution. In recent years, eight PCV2 genotypes (2a-2h) have been discovered, with PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d being the three most prevalent in swine herds worldwide. The factors that contributed to the emergence of these new genotypes are unknown, but one of them is related to the high mutation rate observed in PCVs. The available vaccines include PCV2a and PCV2b and despite the emergence of new genotypes, field and experimental studies indicated cross-protection between the mains PCV2 genotypes by PCV2 genotypes by commercial PCV2a/PCV2b based vaccines. Thus, in Brazil and other swine-producing countries, PCV2 related diseases are controlled, but the virus has a rapid evolution, requiring constant monitoring.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Rosecleer Rodrigues da Silva, Alessandra Marnie Martins Gomes de Castro
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