Haws syndrome in cat secondary to giardiasis enteritis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v19n04e1756Keywords:
Autosomal sympathetic innervation, nictitating membrane, protrusionAbstract
The Haw's syndrome is an ocular condition that can occur in cats, characterized by the acute and symmetric bilateral protrusion of the third eyelid; however, the exact pathophysiology of the disease remains unknown. This case report describes Haw's syndrome in two cohabiting cats, secondary to giardiasis-induced enteritis, and discusses its pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and management. The syndrome is generally associated with dysfunctions in the autonomic control of the third eyelid musculature, and parasitic infections, such as giardiasis, may affect the autonomic nervous system, leading to protrusion of the nictitating membrane. Clinical investigation includes ophthalmic exams, a phenylephrine test, laboratory tests for the detection of Giardia spp., and differential diagnosis with other neurological and systemic conditions. Treatment of the underlying cause, such as giardiasis, is crucial for the resolution of clinical signs. This article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and targeted therapeutic approach for the complete recovery of patients affected by Haw's syndrome.
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