Retroviral Lentivirus: infectivity, transmission and diagnostic of the Equine Infectious Anemia and thechallenges of retrovirology for the new millennium&

Abstract

Since the first citation in equids in 1843 in France until today, the Lentivirus (family Retroviridae), single-stranded RNA, continues to challenge the foundations of scientific knowledge in virology how prevention strategies and vaccine immunization. The AIDS of the horse, so-called due to its kinship with the Lentivirus in the same group of the Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome(HIV or AIDS human) once in contact with the cell, imposed its genetic mechanism and from the RNA if the replica expense of the host cell of the reticuloendothelial system through the synthesis of proteins for new virions. Opposite this scenario, in veterinary medicine the practice adopted in relation to serum-positive for Equine Infectious Anemia is the sacrifice. A total of 40.500 equine serums were processed in Laboratory Animal Pathology APTA-Bauru, originating from 225 municipalities and 21.608 different establishments. This research was conducted in order to diagnostic, the sacrifice of positive animals and elimination of focus, studying if through of the proof of Coggins modified by Nakajima, being detecting 0.19% of total prevalence and 0.13% for males versus 0.21% for females over the period 1984 to 2011. The main changes were in relation to the immune and hematological system, seen that in the genesis of anemia there is intense erythrophagocytosis in diseased animals. The main anatomo-pathological findings were reticuloendotheliosis generalized in the organs. Beyond vertical transmission, horizontal through tools (objects perforating or cutting), vectors of blood-sucking Diptera, Tabanus sp and Stomoxys calcitrans, were mainly responsible for mechanical transmission and is very often found in the creations of horses, with intense proliferation in the warmer months and higher rainfall (September to March) of the year. How much the prevention, in this study reviewing the literature, there is mention of live attenuated vaccines against Lentivirus, which cited a vaccine of Chinese origin, used in outbreaks of disease in the China. However, no official recognition, as well as several authors has attested the absence of proof of your efficacy for use in other countries and confounding in serological diagnosis, precluding the distinction between animals healthy and diseased from the use of this.