Aortic thromboembolism in cats – emergency diagnosis

Review

Authors

  • Patrícia Souza de Lima Universidade São Judas Tadeu
  • Paloma Antunes da Silva Universidade São Judas Tadeu
  • Luana Moura Sousa Universidade São Judas Tadeu https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3370-5603
  • Gabriela Ferreira da Silva Ramos Universidade São Judas Tadeu https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7363-4903
  • Renata Avancini Fernandes Universidade São Judas Tadeu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v19n07e1807

Keywords:

Abordagem multimodal, Exames de imagem, Fluxo sanguíneo, Trombo

Abstract

Aortic thromboembolism (ATE) in cats is a pathological condition characterized by the formation of blood clots (thrombi) within blood vessels, leading to partial or complete obstruction of blood flow. These thrombi can migrate to other regions of the body, most commonly the pelvic limbs. The clinical signs are summarized by the "5 Ps" mnemonic: pain; pallor; paresis or paraplegia; pulselessness and poikilothermia. Additionally, systemic hypoperfusion, hypothermia and azotemia are commonly observed, along with cardiac abnormalities such as murmurs, gallop rhythms, or arrhythmias. Frequent respiratory manifestations, such as tachypnea or open-mouth breathing, may indicate pain or elevated pulmonary venous pressure. Diagnosis is based on a thorough physical examination, including pain assessment, semiological inspection, palpation of arterial pulses, and proprioception tests. Laboratory evaluation typically includes platelet and hematocrit levels, renal biomarkers (urea and creatinine), hepatic enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase), blood glucose, and creatine kinase (CK) and lactate levels to indicate muscle damage. Imaging modalities include infrared thermography (IRT), Doppler ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Given that ATE is a silent and acutely developing condition, factors such as resource availability, technical expertise, and the patient's clinical presentation are critical in determining the clinical outcome.

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doctoracats

Published

2025-07-31

Issue

Section

Medicina veterinária

How to Cite

1.
Souza de Lima P, Antunes da Silva P, Moura Sousa L, Ramos GF da S, Fernandes RA. Aortic thromboembolism in cats – emergency diagnosis: Review. Pubvet [Internet]. 2025 Jul. 31 [cited 2026 May 19];19(07):e1807. Available from: https://ojs.pubvet.com.br/index.php/revista/article/view/4192