Idiopathic generalized tremor syndrome in small animals
Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v20n7e1986Keywords:
immune-mediated diseases, corticosteroids, tremorsAbstract
Idiopathic Generalized Tremor Syndrome (IGTS), also known as steroid responsive tremor syndrome, is a neurological disorder characterized by generalized, continuous, and non-progressive tremors that worsen during states of excitement and disappear during sleep. Although initially described in small, white-coated dogs, it is now recognized that it can affect animals of different breeds and sizes, and even cats, with a higher occurrence in young individuals and females. The etiology of IGTS remains unknown, but there is strong evidence of immune-mediated involvement, possibly associated with the production of neuronal autoantibodies and diffuse inflammatory processes in the central nervous system. Recent reports also suggest the participation of hormonal factors, as well as possible interactions with the gut-brain axis, broadening the perspective on its pathophysiology. The diagnosis is one of exclusion, based on clinical evaluation, complementary exams such as magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and a favorable response to treatment with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids. Prognosis is good; however, relapses can occur, requiring therapeutic adjustments. Thus, this study aims to conduct a literature review to elucidate new perspectives and findings, as well as knowledge gaps regarding the syndrome. Despite advances in the clinical recognition and management of IGTS, its pathophysiology remains unknown, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved and the development of more specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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