Bovine tuberculosis in Mozambique: epidemiological evidence and surveillance challenges from a One Health Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v20n7e1983Keywords:
Mycobacterium bovis, zoonoses, veterinary public health, meat inspection, occupational healthAbstract
Bovine tuberculosis, caused primarily by Mycobacterium bovis, remains an important zoonotic disease in low- and middle-income countries, with significant implications for animal health, human health, food safety, and the rural economy. This article aimed to analyze the epidemiological situation of bovine tuberculosis in Mozambique from a One Health perspective by integrating evidence from the scientific literature with historical epidemiological surveillance data to discuss its public health implications. The study consisted of a literature review complemented by an analysis of historical epidemiological surveillance data on bovine tuberculosis collected in Sofala province. Articles were selected based on scientific relevance, prioritizing publications addressing epidemiology, surveillance, veterinary medicine, public health, and zoonoses. In Búzi District, 19,579 cattle were tested, of which 1,410 reacted positively to the tuberculin test, corresponding to an apparent prevalence of 7.2%. In Nhamatanda District, 388 positive animals were identified among 4,846 tested cattle, corresponding to an apparent prevalence of approximately 8.0%. These findings demonstrate that bovine tuberculosis is not a hypothetical threat but a documented epidemiological reality. The interruption of systematic surveillance after that period created an information gap that should not be interpreted as evidence of disease absence. The article also highlights limitations observed in slaughterhouses, including difficulties in laboratory confirmation, inadequate disposal of biological waste, resistance to carcass condemnation, and the risk of occupational exposure for workers, as well as potential exposure of consumers. It is concluded that bovine tuberculosis should be considered an integrated priority involving public health, veterinary surveillance, food safety, and occupational health protection.
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